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R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and its community is noted for contributing packages. R and its libraries implement various statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, classical statistical tests, spatial and time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. In April 2003, the R Foundation was founded as a non-profit organization to provide further support for the R project.
Stefano Iacus, Guido Masarotto, Heiner Schwarte, Seth Falcon, Martin Morgan, and Duncan Murdoch were members.
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As of January 2022, it consists of Chambers, Gentleman, Ihaka, and Mächler, plus statisticians Douglas Bates, Peter Dalgaard, Kurt Hornik, Michael Lawrence, Friedrich Leisch, Uwe Ligges, Thomas Lumley, Sebastian Meyer, Paul Murrell, Martyn Plummer, Brian Ripley, Deepayan Sarkar, Duncan Temple Lang, Luke Tierney, and Simon Urbanek, as well as computer scientist Tomas Kalibera. The R Core Team was formed in 1997 to further develop the language. As of January 2022, it has 101 mirrors and 18,726 contributed packages. CRAN originally had 3 mirrors and 12 contributed packages. CRAN stores R's executable files, source code, documentations, as well as packages contributed by users.
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The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) was officially announced on 23 April 1997. The first official "stable beta" version (v1.0) was released on 29 February 2000. The first official release came in June 1995.
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In 1995, statistician Martin Mächler convinced Ihaka and Gentleman to make R a free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. They began publicizing it on the data archive StatLib and the s-news mailing list in August 1993. It was named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. In 1991, statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, embarked on an S implementation. Many codes written for S run unaltered in R. S was created by Rick Becker, John Chambers, Doug Dunn, Jean McRae, and Judy Schilling at Bell Labs around 1976. R is an open-source implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics from Scheme, which allow objects to be defined in predetermined blocks rather than the entirety of the code. Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are also available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment, and Jupyter, a notebook interface. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems.
It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting). The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment within the GNU package, available under the GNU General Public License. Polls, data mining surveys, and studies of scholarly literature databases show that R is highly popular since January 2022, R ranks 12th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity. Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R language. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software.
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.